Coronary heart disease occurs when the coronary arteries that provide blood to the heart muscle become hardened and narrowed. Coronary arteries harden and narrow due to plaque forming on the inside walls of the coronary arteries. Enlarges the size of the plaque causing the narrowing of coronary arteries and reduces blood through the coronary arteries.
Blood carries oxygen needed by the heart muscle; coronary heart disease causes the heart muscle deprived of oxygen and can cause:
- Angina pectoris is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart does not receive enough blood
- A heart attack / myocardial infarction; occurs when the clot is formed in place plaque in the coronary artery that stops blood supply to part of the heart muscle, it causes permanent damage to heart muscle.
Coronary heart disease can cause:
- Heart failure is the heart can not pump blood effectively throughout the body
- Arrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythm changes
Coronary artery disease due to atherosclerosis (thickening and hardening of the arteries in the wall). Plaque builds up in artery walls. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substantive in the blood. Formed plaque in the arteries often begins in childhood.
Risk Factors:
The more risk factors that exist in one person is more likely to have coronary heart disease.
Risk factors that can not be modified:
- Age: age, the risk of coronary heart disease is increasing.
* Men risk increases after age 45 years.
* Women risk increases after age 55 years
- Family history of heart disease.
• Heart disease diagnosed before the age of 55 years in father or brother
• Heart disease diagnosed before 65 years in mother or sister
Risk factors that can be modified:
- High Cholesterol
- High blood pressure
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Weight loss is more or obese
- Lack of physical activity
Other risk factors, namely CRP (C-Reactive Protein)
Complaints and signs of coronary heart disease:
- Chest pain, pain in arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, back
- Shortness of breath
- Complaints of chest pain vary widely
Some people, the first sign of coronary heart disease is heart attack. Heart attack or acute myocardial infarction occurs when plaque inside the coronary arteries that lead to torn and covered arterial clot formed.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made based on medical history, family history, is there any risk factors, physical examination and some tests.
ECG: to assess myocardial ischemia or infarction and cardiac rhythm
Echocardiography: to assess the diameter and shape of the heart and the function of the heart chambers and valves. Echocardiography can identify areas of the heart that lack blood flow which is the area of heart muscle does not contract properly.
Stress Test:
- Treadmill
- Screening of heart
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
- PET
- Chest X-ray
- Coronary angiography
- Nuclear heart scan
- EBCT / MSCT
Another test:
- Fasting blood sugar
- Lipoprotein fasting
Treatment of coronary heart disease
Treatment of coronary heart disease includes lifestyle changes, medications and special procedures.
Lifestyle changes:
- A healthy diet, prevent or reduce high blood pressure, high cholesterol and maintain a healthy weight.
- Quitting smoking
- Exercise
- Reduce weight if overweigh or obese
- Reduce stress
Drugs:
Some medications reduce the workload of the heart and treat disorders of coronary heart disease. Other drugs reduce the risk of heart attack or sudden death.
- Cholesterol-lowering drugs
- Anti-coagulants
- Aspirin helps prevent clot forming in the arteries
- Insulation ACE
- Beta blockers
- Calcium Oxide
- Nitroglycerin
- Nitrate
- Drug thrombolytics
Special procedures:
- Angioplasty: This procedure to open coronary arteries that are closed or narrowed. This procedure improves blood flow to the heart muscle, cure chest pain, and prevent heart attacks.
- Coronary artery by pass surgery / bypass surgery: This procedure uses arteries or veins from other parts of the body to pass through / bypass the narrowed coronary artery. This procedure is to cure chest pain and prevent heart attacks
- Exercise / exercise
Prevention:
Prevention starts with knowing the risk factors. By controlling the risk factors that exist with lifestyle modifications and medications we may prevent or delay the development of coronary heart disease.
Blood carries oxygen needed by the heart muscle; coronary heart disease causes the heart muscle deprived of oxygen and can cause:
- Angina pectoris is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart does not receive enough blood
- A heart attack / myocardial infarction; occurs when the clot is formed in place plaque in the coronary artery that stops blood supply to part of the heart muscle, it causes permanent damage to heart muscle.
Coronary heart disease can cause:
- Heart failure is the heart can not pump blood effectively throughout the body
- Arrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythm changes
Coronary artery disease due to atherosclerosis (thickening and hardening of the arteries in the wall). Plaque builds up in artery walls. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substantive in the blood. Formed plaque in the arteries often begins in childhood.
Risk Factors:
The more risk factors that exist in one person is more likely to have coronary heart disease.
Risk factors that can not be modified:
- Age: age, the risk of coronary heart disease is increasing.
* Men risk increases after age 45 years.
* Women risk increases after age 55 years
- Family history of heart disease.
• Heart disease diagnosed before the age of 55 years in father or brother
• Heart disease diagnosed before 65 years in mother or sister
Risk factors that can be modified:
- High Cholesterol
- High blood pressure
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Weight loss is more or obese
- Lack of physical activity
Other risk factors, namely CRP (C-Reactive Protein)
Complaints and signs of coronary heart disease:
- Chest pain, pain in arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, back
- Shortness of breath
- Complaints of chest pain vary widely
Some people, the first sign of coronary heart disease is heart attack. Heart attack or acute myocardial infarction occurs when plaque inside the coronary arteries that lead to torn and covered arterial clot formed.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made based on medical history, family history, is there any risk factors, physical examination and some tests.
ECG: to assess myocardial ischemia or infarction and cardiac rhythm
Echocardiography: to assess the diameter and shape of the heart and the function of the heart chambers and valves. Echocardiography can identify areas of the heart that lack blood flow which is the area of heart muscle does not contract properly.
Stress Test:
- Treadmill
- Screening of heart
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
- PET
- Chest X-ray
- Coronary angiography
- Nuclear heart scan
- EBCT / MSCT
Another test:
- Fasting blood sugar
- Lipoprotein fasting
Treatment of coronary heart disease
Treatment of coronary heart disease includes lifestyle changes, medications and special procedures.
Lifestyle changes:
- A healthy diet, prevent or reduce high blood pressure, high cholesterol and maintain a healthy weight.
- Quitting smoking
- Exercise
- Reduce weight if overweigh or obese
- Reduce stress
Drugs:
Some medications reduce the workload of the heart and treat disorders of coronary heart disease. Other drugs reduce the risk of heart attack or sudden death.
- Cholesterol-lowering drugs
- Anti-coagulants
- Aspirin helps prevent clot forming in the arteries
- Insulation ACE
- Beta blockers
- Calcium Oxide
- Nitroglycerin
- Nitrate
- Drug thrombolytics
Special procedures:
- Angioplasty: This procedure to open coronary arteries that are closed or narrowed. This procedure improves blood flow to the heart muscle, cure chest pain, and prevent heart attacks.
- Coronary artery by pass surgery / bypass surgery: This procedure uses arteries or veins from other parts of the body to pass through / bypass the narrowed coronary artery. This procedure is to cure chest pain and prevent heart attacks
- Exercise / exercise
Prevention:
Prevention starts with knowing the risk factors. By controlling the risk factors that exist with lifestyle modifications and medications we may prevent or delay the development of coronary heart disease.
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